INOVASI INDUSTRI, EFISIENSI LOGISTIK, DAN DAYA SAING EKSPOR TEKNOLOGI TINGGI: BUKTI DARI TIONGKOK DAN INDONESIA

Abstract

The global economic transformation over the past two decades demonstrates that mastery of high technology is a primary factor in enhancing industrial competitiveness and international trade. This study aims to analyze the relationship between research and development (R&D) investment, logistics efficiency, and high-tech export performance by comparing the experiences of China and Indonesia. A quantitative-descriptive research method was employed, utilizing secondary data from the World Bank, the Global Economy Database, government reports, and national statistical publications. The findings indicate a strong correlation between increased R&D investment, logistics efficiency, and the growth of high-tech exports. China successfully raised its R&D expenditure-to-GDP ratio from 0.6% in 1998 to approximately 2.8% in 2025, while simultaneously reducing logistics costs relative to GDP to 13.9%. These conditions drove a surge in China's high-tech exports, which exceeded USD 761 billion in 2025. In contrast, Indonesia continues to face limitations, with R&D investment hovering around 0.28% of GDP and logistics costs at approximately 14% of GDP. Although the value of Indonesia's high-tech exports has shown an upward trend—reaching around USD 10 billion in recent years—its contribution to global trade remains relatively limited. The study concludes that integrating innovation policies, logistics efficiency, and high-tech industry development is crucial for enhancing national economic competitiveness.